Nepal is home to numerous peaks that rise above 8,000 meters, including one located in the Annapurna Mountain Range: Annapurna, which stands at 8,091 meters. The Annapurna Mountain Range has thirteen peaks exceeding 7,000 meters and sixteen additional peaks over 6,000 meters. The massif stretches 55 kilometers in length. The Kali Gandaki Gorge borders it to the west, the Marshyangdi River to the north and east, and the Pokhara Valley to the south. The western end of the massif features a high basin known as the Annapurna Sanctuary.
The Annapurna range’s name comes from the Hindu goddess Annapurna. Annapurna means “giver of food and nourishment” due to the evergreen running rivers originating from this mountain range. It generates greenery and supports plants on the lower plains all year. The Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal’s first and largest conservation area, protects the entire mountain and surrounding area. It covers 7,629 square kilometers. This area is also home to world-class treks like Annapurna Base Camp Trek (Annapurna Sanctuary) and Annapurna Circuit Trek.
Table of Contents
Quick facts
- Location: Gandaki Province, north-central Nepal
- Highest Peak: Annapurna I, the 10th highest mountain in the world
- Notable Peaks: Annapurna II (7,937 m), Annapurna III (7,555 m), Annapurna IV (7,525 m), Annapurna South (7,219 m), Machhapuchchhre (9,993 m), Gangapurna (7,455 m), and Hiunchuli (6,441 m)
- First Successful Ascent: French expedition on June 3, 1950
- Trekking Destination: Annapurna Base Camp (Annapurna Sanctuary) and Annapurna Circuit
- Best Time to Visit: Spring (March to May) and Autumn (September to November)
Climbing History of Annapurna Mountain Range
Annapurna I was first ascent by a French expedition on June 3, 1950. On 6 May 1965, a German expedition led by Gunther Hauser made history by being the first to summit Gangapurna, taking the East Ridge route. There were 11 members of the expedition’s summit party. Annapurna South, also known as Annapurna Dakshin or Moditse, was first ascent in 1964 by a Japanese team who took the North Ridge route. The summit party included S. Uyeo and Mingma Tsering.
Hiunchuli, standing at 6,441 meters, is a satellite peak that extends east from Annapurna South. It was first climbed in 1971 by an expedition led by U.S. Peace Corps Volunteer Craig Anderson. Mount Machhapuchhre, standing at 6,993 meters, was first climbed by Wilfrid Noyce and A. D. M. Cox in 1957. It has been off-limits since then.
What Makes Annapurna Dangerous?
When it comes to mountain expeditions, a lot of people think that Mount Everest, standing at 8,849 meters, and K2, which is 8,611 meters, is the toughest peak to reach. However, the real data reveal a different narrative. On Mt Everest, the fatality rate is approximately 4.4%, while during the K2 expedition, it rises to about 13.7%. But the fatality rate of Mount Annapurna is significantly higher than that of both of these prominent peaks in the 8,000-meter charts.
Mount Annapurna is known for having the highest fatality rate compared to other mountains in the 8,000-meter category. The death ratio for the Mt Annapurna expedition stands at 32%. This shows that for every 100 successful summits, there are 32 fatalities on the mountain’s slope. That is why the Guinness World Record has named this eight-highest peak in the world the “Deadliest Mountain to Climb.” However, despite its high death record, it remains one of the most popular summits for 8,000-meter expeditions.
Physical Features of Annapurna
The Annapurna Mountain Range is located in the north-central part of Nepal. This mountain creates a ridge that stretches approximately 55 kilometers between the Kali Gandaki gorge to the west and the Marsyangdi to the east. The Annapurna Massif is home to four main summits, with Annapurna I and Annapurna II located at the west and eastern end of the range. Annapurna III and Annapurna IV lie between those two peaks.
The highest point in the Annapurna region is made of limestone, similar to other Himalayan peaks such as Dhaulagiri and Everest. The amazing massif is located within the Annapurna Conservation Area, which is the largest conservation area in the country and was established in 1985. The Annapurna region is known for its stunning glacial lakes and is home to the highest lake in the world, Tilicho Lake (4,919 meters).
Annapurna Peaks
Annapurna I
Annapurna I, at 8,091 meters, is the highest peak in the Annapurna Mountain Rage. This is one of the most dangerous summits to climb, and only a few brave mountaineers have succeeded. Mt Annapurna I is captivating not just because of its impressive height but also because of the challenge it offers to climbers aiming to reach its summit.
Annapurna II
Annapurna II stands at an impressive height of 7,937 meters. The unique pyramid shape and its standout presence make it an exciting destination for both trekkers and mountaineers.
Annapurna III
Annapurna III, with an elevation of 7,555 meters, is famous for its tough climbs and technical routes. The area here is perfect, with steep ridges and stunning views.
Annapurna IV
Annapurna IV is shorter than other Annapurna peaks, and it stands at 7,525 meters. Trekkers in the Annapurna Range get to enjoy stunning views of this majestic peak, which enhances the beauty of the landscape. If you love trekking or dream of climbing, the beauty of the Annapurna will surely inspire you.
Major Attraction in the Annapurna Region
Poon Hill
Poon Hill is a well-known hill station in the Annapurna region, famous for its stunning views of the Himalayas. Situated near the popular tourist destination of Pokhara, this hike to the viewpoint can be done simply with a brief trekking itinerary. You can see stunning sunrise views from the top of this hill station. It offers breathtaking views of Mount Annapurna, Machhapuchhre, Dhaulagiri, Dhampus Peak, Hiunchuli, Nilgiri, Tukuche Peak, Lamjung Himal, and more.
Nar and Phu Valley
Nar and Phu Valleys are often called the hidden gems of the Annapurna region. The Nar and Phu Valley Trek offer an original feeling of solitude that sets them apart from the more crowded areas in this popular trekking region. Exploring these hidden valleys leads you to the untouched and secluded areas of the Annapurna mountain range. During your trek to these valleys, you can immerse yourself in the rich Tibetan culture and traditions.
Muktinath
Muktinath is one of the Annapurna region’s most prominent holy places, with significance in both Hindu and Buddhist cultures. The high-altitude religious site is also known as the “place of liberation,” and it is believed that taking a bath under the 108 sprouts will cleanse a person of his or her sins. This beautiful temple devoted to God Vishnu features a burning flame in a small Himalayan grotto, which has been continuously burning for over 2,000 years.
Manang
The Manang village is a stunning high-altitude spot located in the Annapurna region. This cultural settlement represents the traditional lifestyle of the Nepali Himalayan region, which has been heavily influenced by Tibetan culture and traditions. The amazing stop on the Annapurna Circuit Trek lets you discover the stunning high Himalayan scenery, featuring semi-desert terrains, wide pastures, and sub-alpine forests.
Tilicho Lake
Tilicho Lake is known as one of the highest pristine glacial lakes in the world, situated in the Annapurna region at an impressive altitude of 4,919 meters above sea level. Tilicho Lake Trek is a popular trekking destination in the Annapurna region. It is a spiritual site for both Hindu and Buddhist communities. This stunning high-altitude lake is known as the Kak Bhusundi Lake from the epic Ramayana.
Popular Trekking Routes In the Annapurna Mountain Range
Annapurna Circuit Trek
Annapurna Circuit Trek is the most exciting trekking adventure in the Annapurna region. This amazing Himalayan trek circles the base of the Annapurna Mountain Range. It passes through diverse landscapes, protected areas, and the traditional villages of Gurung, Magar, Thakali, and Tamang. The Annapurna Circuit trek begins with an exciting drive from Kathmandu to Ngadi. Then, following the trekking trail ahead, you’ll pass through the charming villages of Chamje, Bagarchhap, Chame, and Lower Pisang.
The Annapurna Circuit Trek’s high elevation points include Manang, Yak Kharka, and Thorung Phedi. You will pass through Thorong La Pass, the highest point of this trek. Then you’ll descend through Muktinath, Tatopani, Ghorepani, Ulleri, Poon Hill, Pokhara, and finally Kathmandu.
Annapurna Base Camp Trek
If you don’t want to tackle the high Himalayan passes of the circuit trekking, the Annapurna Base Camp Trek is a more gentle, high-altitude adventure in the region. This trek in the Annapurna region will take you to the foot of the majestic Annapurna Mountain Range. This iconic journey begins with the Kathmandu to Pokhara drive.
Your adventure begins at Nayapul, which sits at an elevation of 1,010 meters. From there, you’ll take a classic path that leads you through Tikhedhunga, Ghorepani, Poon Hill, Tadapani, Chomrong, Dovan, Machhapuchhre Base Camp and Annapurna Base Camp. Then, descend through Bamboo and Jhinu Danda before returning to Nayapul for a drive back to Pokhara.
Mardi Himal Trek
Mardi Himal Trek is another thrilling trekking adventure in the Annapurna region that takes you to the foothills of Mardi Himal in front of the holy Machhapuchhre. The Himalayan trekking adventure also begins with a drive to the tourist hub of Pokhara, followed by a hike to Phedi.
You will traverse the charming trails of the second most popular trekking region, pushing for high elevation points such as Pothana, Forest Camp, High Camp, and finally, Mardi Himal Base Camp. After exploring the base camp, you will descend through Siding Village, Sidlaghatta, and then return to Pokhara.
Climate of Annapurna and Best Time to Visit
Trekking and mountain expeditions in the Annapurna region are possible throughout the year. However, the best time is spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). During the peak months, the weather is stable, and days are clear and warm. So, if you want to have a comfortable and enjoyable experience, you should definitely go during peak season. However, if you’re looking for thrills and challenges, the off-season, such as winter and monsoon, is known for difficult adventures.
During the spring season, the average daytime temperature in the Annapurna region ranges from 10 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius. Temperatures can drop to 5 degrees Celsius in the early mornings and late at night. Autumn, on the other hand, is slightly chilly at higher elevations and provides trekkers with mild temperatures in the lower regions. The temperature in Annapurna ranges between 12 degrees Celsius and 19 degrees Celsius during the day, and nighttime temperatures as low as -8 degrees Celsius.
Conclusion
Mount Annapurna is the eight-highest peak in the world. The Annapurna Himalayan Mountain Range stretches across 55 km and is home to the deepest gorge in the world, the Kali Gandaki Gorge. The deep gorge divides the Annapurna Massifs from Mt Dhaulagiri, which stands at 8,167 meters. The Annapurna Mountain Range has one peak that rises above 8,000 meters, 13 peaks over 7,000, and 16 peaks over 6,000 meters.
FAQs
Why is Annapurna so famous?
Annapurna is one of the most incredible mountains in the world to climb. It is a range of peaks that extends for about 60 kilometers. The range’s highest peak, Annapurna I, stands at 8,091 km. In general, the mountaineers ascend the same peak.
How many bodies are on Annapurna?
As per the statistics of the Himalayan Database, Annapurna has 476 summits and 73 deaths. The harsh weather, difficult climbing conditions, and avalanches make it very challenging, and some bodies are left on the mountain because it’s too risky to recover them.
Why is Annapurna the hardest mountain to climb?
The hardest part of climbing Annapurna 1 between Camps 2, 3, and 4. This section is risky because of the steep terrain, areas where avalanches can happen, slippery blue ice, and large hanging ice blocks, making the climb very tough.
What famous climbers died on Annapurna?
The famous climbers who died on Annapurna are Anatoli Boukreev, a respected Russian-Kazakh mountaineer who died in an avalanche in 1997, and Ian Clough, a British climber killed by an icefall in 1970. Jean-Christophe Lafaille, a French climber, disappeared during a solo winter ascent in 2006.
Can you climb Annapurna without oxygen?
Yes, it is possible to climb Annapurna without oxygen, but it is extremely difficult and dangerous. Some climbers have successfully reached the summit without using supplemental oxygen, but the risks are much higher due to the thin air and harsh conditions at high altitudes.
